Bourin M. ; Vautier, A. ; Beauclercq, S. ; Pampouille, E. ; Hennequet-Antier, C. ; Boitard, S. ; Duval, E. ; Berri, C.Innovations Agronomiques, 2019, 71 : 323-337. ArticlePièces jointes : 2019_Bourin_Innovations Agronomiques.pdfEven though meat is increasingly consumed in elaborated form, consumers are sensitive to naturality of the products. This trend is largely taken into account by agribusiness company seeking to reduce additives (flavor enhancers or texturizing agents) or preservatives (in particular salt). This shows the importance of upstream control of quality of the raw material for elaborated products. This issue particularly affects chicken meat, mostly consumed in cut or processed but whose technological quality is highly variable. The objective of the CASDAR OPTIVIANDE project was to develop new phenotyping tools and biological or genetic markers that could be used for selection or evaluation of the impact of breeding factors. The approaches implemented concerned the use of near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) as well as high-throughput biological and genomic analyzes. The study was based on an original animal model composed of two chicken lines selected in a divergent manner on the ultimate pH of the filet and whose technological and sensory characteristics of meat were very different. Near-infrared spectrometry is fast to implement and makes it possible to predict several technological quality criteria such as ultimate pH, water loss during storage and hardness after cooking. Transcriptomic and metabolomics analyzes made it possible to develop first prediction models based on a limited number of metabolites (blood and muscle) or muscle transcripts. At the genetic level, analyzes made possible to identify the main regions controlling the ultimate pH of the filet and revealed several genes of interest. In conclusion, the project led to significant advances in understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms involved in the establishment of quality defects in chicken. It opens perspectives of application thanks to the development of prediction tools for selection whose genericity will have to be validated on other populations and in conditions of production

Belloir, P. ; Lessire, M. ; Lambert, W. ; Corrent ; Berri, C. ; Tesseraud, S.animal, 2019, 13 (05) : 1094-1102. Article

Monniaux, D. ; Genet, C. ; Maillard, V. ; Jarrier-Gaillard, P. ; Adriaensen, H. ; Hennequet-Antier, C. ; Lainé, A.-L. ; Laclie, C. ; Papillier, P. ; Plisson-Petit, F. ; Estienne, A. ; Cognie, J. ; di Clemente, N. ; Dalbies Tran, R. ; Fabre, S.Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2019 : 1-20. ArticleIn mammalian ovaries, the theca layers of growing follicles are critical for maintaining their structural integrity and supporting androgen synthesis. Through combining the postnatal monitoring of ovaries by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, endocrine profiling, hormonal analysis of the follicular fluid of growing follicles, and transcriptomic analysis of follicular theca cells, we provide evidence that the exposure of ovine fetuses to testosterone excess activates postnatal follicular growth and strongly affects the functions of follicular theca in adulthood. Prenatal exposure to testosterone impaired androgen synthesis in the small antral follicles of adults and affected the expression in their theca cells of a wide array of genes encoding extracellular matrix components, their membrane receptors, and signaling pathways. Most expression changes were uncorrelated with the concentrations of gonadotropins, steroids, and anti-Müllerian hormone in the recent hormonal environment of theca cells, suggesting that these changes rather result from the long-term developmental effects of testosterone on theca cell precursors in fetal ovaries. Disruptions of the extracellular matrix structure and signaling in the follicular theca and ovarian cortex can explain the acceleration of follicle growth through altering the stiffness of ovarian tissue. We propose that these mechanisms participate in the etiology of the polycystic ovarian syndrome, a major reproductive pathology in woman.

Beauclercq, S. ; Lefèvre, A. ; Nadal-Desbarats, L. ; Germain, K. ; Praud, C. ; Emond, P. ; Lebihan-Duval, E. ; Mignon-Grasteau, S.Poultry Science, 2019, 98 (3) : 1425–1431. Article

Grandhaye, J. ; Lecompte, F. ; Staub, C. ; Venturi, E. ; Plotton, I. ; Cailleau-Audouin, E. ; Ganier, P. ; Ramé, C. ; Brière, S. ; Dupont, J. ; Froment, P.Poultry Science, 2019 : 1-13. ArticleIn order to determine the body compo-sition of parental broilers during growth from hatch-ing to adulthood (32 wk of age), we evaluated thekinetics of fattening, growth rate, reproduction param-eters, and body composition of the animals by usingnon-invasive tools such as medical imaging (ultrasoundand CT scan) and blood sample analysis. The use ofCT scanner allowed us to monitor the development ofthe body composition (fatness, bone, muscle, ovary, andtestis growth) of these same animals. These analyseswere accompanied by biochemical blood analyses suchas steroids, metabolites, and some adipokines concen-tration. Difference in the body composition betweenmales and females appeared at 16 wk of age. From20 wk of age, shortly before the onset of lay, the fe-males had 1.6-fold more adipose tissues than males(P

Dourmad, J.-Y. ; Garcia-Launay, F. ; Méda, B. ; Lessire, M. ; Narcy, A.In : Wouter Hendriks, Martin W.A. Verstegen, László Babinszky, Poultry and pig nutrition. Wageningen (NLD) : Wageningen Academic Publishers 2019. 315-339 Chapitre d'ouvrageDiet formulation has a direct impact on the efficiency of use of nutrient and energy by pigs and poultry and, consequently, it affects nutrient and waste flow at farm level. All the compounds found in the manure, or emitted into the air, originate from the fraction of the diet which is not retained by the animals. The improvement of efficiency of nutrient retention by pigs and poultry is an efficient way to reduce excretion and emission from the animals. Changing the composition of the feed is efficient to modify the chemical properties of excreta in order to reduce the gaseous emissions and the production of odours. Changing the composition if the feed may allow to better adapt the composition of excreta to their future use for biogas production or as fertilisers. Innovations in the development of enzymes and amino acid production have been and are still important levers for the development of low environmental impact feeding strategies for pigs and poultry. The development of feeding strategies for reducing N and P excretion by pigs and poultry requires a good knowledge of nutrient bioavailability in feed ingredients and a precise evaluation of requirements. Phase feeding is required for practical application of improved feeding strategies. It is facilitated by the use of computerised feeding systems with the perspective of precision feeding.

Gautron, J.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, 2019, 19 : 2 p. ArticlePièces jointes : PDF Article

Brionne, A. ; Juanchich, A. ; Hennequet-Antier, C.BioData Mining, 2019, 12 : 13 p. ArticlePièces jointes : Brionne_et_al-2019-BioData_Mining.pdf

Metayer, J. P. ; Travel, A. ; Mika, A. ; Bailly, J.-D. ; Cleva, D. ; Boissieu, C. ; Guennec, J. ; Froment, P. ; Albaric, O. ; Labrut, S. ; Lepivert, G. ; Marengue, E. ; Tardieu, D. ; Guerre, P.Toxins, 2019, 11 (8) : 455. ArticlePièces jointes : 2019_Metayer_Toxins.pdfusarium mycotoxins (FUS) occur frequently in poultry diets, and regulatory limits are laid down in several countries. However, the limits were established for exposure to a single mycotoxin, whereas multiple contamination is more realistic, and different studies have demonstrated that it is not possible to predict interactions between mycotoxins. The purpose of this study was thus to compare the toxic effect of deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB) and zearalenone (ZON), alone and in combination on broiler chickens, at the maximum tolerated level established by the EU for poultry feed. Experimental corn-soybean diets incorporated ground cultured toxigenic Fusarium strains. One feed was formulated for chickens 0 to 10 days old and another for chickens 11 to 35 days old. The control diets were mycotoxin free, the DON diets contained 5 mg DON/kg, the FB diet contained 20 mg FB1 + FB2/kg, and the ZON diet contained 0.5 mg ZON/kg. The DONFBZON diet contained 5, 20, and 0.5 mg/kg of DON, FB1 + FB2, and ZON, respectively. Diets were distributed ad libitum to 70 broilers (male Ross PM3) separated into five groups of 14 chickens each reared in individual cages from one to 35 days of age. On day 35, after a starvation period of 8 h, a blood sample was collected, and all the animals were killed and autopsied. No difference between groups that could be attributed to FUS was observed in performances, the relative weight of organs, biochemistry, histopathology, intestinal morphometry, variables of oxidative damage, and markers of testicle toxicity. A significant increase in sphinganine and in the sphinganine to sphingosine ratio was observed in broilers fed FB. Taken together, these results suggest that the regulatory guidelines established for single contamination of broiler chickens fed with DON, FB, and ZON can also be used in the case of multiple contamination with these toxins.

Riou, C. ; Brionne, A. ; Cordeiro, L. ; Harichaux, G. ; Gargaros, A. ; Labas, V. ; Gautron, J. ; Gérard, N.Reproduction (Cambridge), 2019ArticleAvian uterine fluid (UF) and uterovaginal sperm storage tubules (SST) are key components in accepting sperm in SST, maintaining sperm function for several weeks, releasing sperm from SST and their ascent through the uterus. To improve understanding of sperm storage processes requires investigating UF and SST. This study aimed to identify proteins modulated by sperm in the hen’s genital tract, and to highlight their role during sperm storage. Two genetic lines of hens exhibiting long (F+) or short (F-) sperm storage ability were used. GeLC MS/MS analysis was used to establish a quantitative inventory of proteins regulated after insemination in both lines. The proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013514. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify high (ANXA4/ANXA5/OCX32) and low (HSPA8/PIGR) fertility markers in the uterovaginal junction. Our results demonstrated that sperm induced a significant and rapid change in the UF proteomic content, and also in the SST epithelium. In F+ hens, mobilization of the ANXA4 protein in the apical part of SST cells after insemination was associated with increased levels of some proteoglycans and binding proteins, and also antimicrobial eggshell matrix protein (OCX32) in the UF. We also observed increased levels of lipid transporters involved in egg formation (VTG1-2, APOA1-4-H). In F- hens, insemination induced increased levels of PIGR in both UF and SST, of ANXA5 in SST, of UF enzymes exhibiting metallopeptidase activity, and mucins. In conclusion, sperm induced significant changes in the UF proteomic content. This study also provides evidence that the SST immune system plays a major role in regulating sperm storage.